LEVELLING THE TREAD

Levelling the tread. Elevation of the dropped metatarsal head by metatarsal osteotomy.

Most orthopaedic surgeons must be familiar with the type of foot shown in Figure 1. There are hard, painful callosities under the first and fifth metatarsal heads, but there is no deformity of the toes. The patient with this condition has usually attended the chiropodist but has gained only transient relief after the callosities have been pared away. The wearing of metatarsal insoles or metatar...

Levelling an unknotting tunnel

It is a consequence of theorems of Gordon–Reid [4] and Thompson [8] that a tunnel number one knot, if put in thin position, will also be in bridge position. We show that in such a thin presentation, the tunnel can be made level so that it lies in a level sphere. This settles a question raised by Morimoto [6], who showed that the (now known) classification of unknotting tunnels for 2–bridge knot...

Levelling the lingo playing field.

W ith an ever-declining number of papers written in languages other than English, the idiom of Shakespeare is, today more than ever before, the international language of science [1,2]. In 2014, according to PubMed’s language filter, 95.4% of life science publications retrieved by the search engine were written in English, in line with the trend of the last several decades [1,2]. Today, among th...

Where Researchers Fear to Tread:

Ageing: Levelling of the grim reaper

Recent observations of a levelling of the death rate in extreme old age, in both experimental species and humans, are posing difficult problems for evolutionary biologists, in particular about the evolution of the post-reproductive period.